Unit 22: Costs of Pre-Production Equipment

Single camera production is a method of filmmaking and video production which uses only one camera to shot all the shots. Each shot and camera angles are taken individually the camera is then moved and rest to get a new shot or angle. There are many benefits to single camera production. 

An advantage of single camera production is that it is cheaper; this is because you only need one camera and not multiple cameras. There is no extra cost to hire more cameras or crew. This lowers the cost for production and the money can go into other things like hiring more actors or buying more props and outfits.

Another advantage of single camera production is that by having one camera it gives the director more control over the shots the director is able to decide on how they want the scene to be set up or how the scene should be set. Also the director has more flexibility on how the actors should be or can be presented in scene. Also not all actors need to be on the set at the same time.

The director can stop the scene and tell the actors as to what they need to fix or re-do. It’s not a multiple camera production so the director won’t need to stop all the cameras. By doing this it can help to create a more realistic atmosphere that can help to make the scene more suitable from the genre being created.

Another advantage of single camera production is that this is because as you are only using one camera after filming you can then re-arrange all the clips you have taken. It’s easier to edit and sort out the shot because it is all in one camera. It’s easier to bring around, set up and take down the camera because there is only one camera.

In terms of Multi-Camera, it is more expensive to produce because of the equipment used, the crew hired and everything involved in the production. 

There is a lack of flexibility when trying to hide equipment from the other cameras, Also less flexibility is put in the necessary equipment on scene such as microphone booms and lighting rigs.

There is also a problem with using a large amount of equipment because instead of doing everything in the actual location, it has to be done in a studio to be set up because it wouldn’t be possible to do it outdoors.

The Short Film

Unit 22: A2: Pre Production Job roles

The Hangover Pre Production Job Roles:

Pre-production is a fundamental element of the whole production as it can be said to be the foundation or basis of a production. The roles within the pre-production team that people have are all significant for the production to develop and come up with a film/show which fulfils the needs and standards of the target audiene as well as the fact that each works and has its own function in order to ensure the end result is achieved.. The process before the production is a collaborative team effort and this is what makes film/television such an interesting industry as a whole, without every individual you wouldn’t get the end result aforementioned as each person has their own function which will further eminate as my discussion develops.

Directed by	Todd Phillips
Produced by	Todd Phillips Daniel Goldberg (2-3)
Written by	Jon Lucas (1) Scott Moore (1) Scot Armstrong (2) Craig Mazin (2-3) Todd Phillips (2-3)
Starring	Bradley Cooper Ed Helms Zach Galifianakis Justin Bartha Ken Jeong
Music by	Christophe Beck
Production company	Legendary Pictures
Distributed by	Warner Bros. Pictures
Release date	2009–2013

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Hangover_(film_series)

The pre-production roles in this film included the main body, the Director who was Todd Phillips from the Production company of Legendary Pictures. The directors role within pre-production is to control a film’s artistic and dramatic aspects. Has a key role in choosing the cast alongside the casting director, production design and creative aspects of filmmaking.

Next in line is the Producer who was both Todd Phillips and Daniel Goldberg , who's work would involve overseeing projects from conception to completion, also being involved with the marketing and distribution process. Producers work closely with directors and other production staff. There can often be more than one producer, the other producer for this production.

An Executive Producer will often oversee the work of the producer on behalf of the studio , the financiers or the distributors. They will also ensure the film is completed within time and budget and to the agreed artistic and technical standards.There are often more than one executive producer working together with the producer. The executive producers for The Hangover was Todd Phillips.

The Production Designer is responsible for the visual concept of the film. The production designer here was Bill Brezski. He would have needed to identify a design style for locations, graphics, props, lighting , camera angles and cost times. Whilst working closely with the Director and producer.

The Cast of a production are probably the most important part of the whole film making process, this is simply because without them you cannot practically do anything, even if you have equipment/props etc. The main actors in The Hangover, were ; Bradley Cooper, Ken Jeong, Heather Graham etc. Their role is to play the character in which they are acting as. Most successful actors/actresses will cast in blockbuster films.

The Cinematographer or in other words, the camera man/women, is in charge of the camera on a film set, depending on the camera they have they will try to achieve various shots,angles and movement in order to tell the story effectively. They work quite closely with the Director on set and will often be in conversation with the editor which is done here by Lawerence Sher.

Unit 22: A2: Props/costumes/locations

Unit 1: Production Meeting Week 5

Week 5: Production Meeting

8th January 2016:
This week we are planning to make sure we know who are characters are and who will play each character, also this week was quite a whirlwind for the team because as we came together to film on of our scenes on the Monday 4th January and Friday 8th January and edit as well on the week commencing 11th January, we realised that there was something missing which we extensively gathered together to try and figure out what it was. We came to a conclusion that our storyline or our short movie was missing a Background story in the sense that something just didn't add up and we wanted to add more 'umph' to our story therefore we decided to change certain concepts such as the Perpetrator, our original main actor was Ishaaq however we have a deadline in which this short movie had to be submitted and edited by so it was a bit hard to work with him as he had planned otherwise and was rarely available therefore we had to choose another actor which was solely based upon availability but also suitability for the role.


Our production meeting this week led us to forming the following document which is basically guidance on which scenes need to be filmed and which scenes are requires as well as what we would add or take away from out storyline/board which will be updated in a further blog post.


In conclusion, this was essentially a week of intensive filming, reflection and questioning the concepts of the film and tweaking any grey areas which needed to be tweaked in order to achieve our final outcome.

Unit 1: A2: Call Sheets

DAILY FILMING SHEET

(CALL SHEET)

Date and time: Friday 8^th January 2015

Location: School Playground and Gym Storyboard scene no.s: First 3 scenes Cast: Ibrahim (The paedophile/perpetrator), Ariana (Victim) and Yasmin, Camera Women and Director alongside Ariana. Props: None used yet as these scenes do not require props however technical materials such as Tripod and Camera were used. **Mats from the Gym area used to create shade and darkness, Artificial darkness in order to create the effect we were looking for, Reminders: Film the same scene from different angles so there is more variety and zoom where necessary.

DAILY FILMING SHEET

Date and time: Monday 4^th January 2015

Location: Science Laboratory Storyboard scene no.s: Scene 4-6 Cast: Ibrahim, The Perpetrator, Ariana the Victim, Camera Women Christiana, Yasmin, Director and some extras. Props: Science books, Science Table, Lab Coats in order to add more character, Glasses for the Perpetrator. Reminders: **After analysis, we realised that we need to re-film this scene as the zoom was deemed as unprofessional and very shaky and one of the cast members looked at the camera therefore it is necessary to do it again to ensure that the scene is suitable, this is if it still remains part of our storyline due to the fact that it we changed our script.

Unit 1: A2: Storyboards

Unit 1: A2: Notes on creative processes & minutes/notes on ALL production meetings

Week 2: Production Meeting

9TH DECEMBER 2015:

This week we are planning to make sure we know who are characters are and who will play each character, also this week will make sure we make our Foley sound such as heavy breathing to add more effect in our short film, also we will watch YouTube videos to get ideas about how to make good make up effects and make it look as realistic as possible. We will be gathering all our equipment this week so we are prepared for filming. We had also discussed how it was best if we change our characters, we changed our little girl from Karen to Ariana as she is in our group and would always be here and we wouldn't need always pick days when she is free because she will always be with us and will know the story line well so it wouldn't be hard for her.

In this meeting, we produced the list which is shown above in the picture in order to set ourselves goals as we found that through doing this and sitting down every week and setting ourselves weekly goals enable us to remain on task, focused on what we need to do and actually set ourselves smart targets which must be achieved this week and evenly distributed tasks throughout the group so that everything could be done efficiently.

We also took the time which we had together to gather ideas and make up inspirations on YouTube for some scenes especially for the scenes in which the girl gets beaten and roughed up so we all sat together and watch some YouTube videos which were related to the sort looks which we wanted to go for and the simplest way in which we were able to create cuts, scars and bruises in a way which required less budget and then we went out into a quieter room and I was able to attempt to try and the bruising technique on Yazmin's eye to try and see if i could create a similar look however some items which were required to make the look more realistic were not available to us at the time so we therefore decided to just bare this though in mind.


On this day, we also distributed our tasks in order to ensure that all of our written work for our blog was in the process of completion so that we were able to start filming and maintaining filming as our main focus in the next week rather than still having tonnes of work to be completed.

Unit 1: A1: Time Management (Completed by Team member Christiana Opadeji)

*PRODUCTION SCHEDULE WILL BE UPLOADED ONCE FINALIZED BY EACH MEMBER OF THE TEAM.

Why is time management crucial when it come to making film and editing your film?

I think time management and setting dates/time/deadlines while filming is crucial because it obviously gets the work done, shown by already made films. Also, i believe if you don't set time then it is possible to forget things or you end up leaving things last; rushed work outcomes are never good.

An example of a production that did not stick to its production schedule:

 This is South Park. It was said that in 2011 the maker (Arthur Bradford) of this TV cartoon adult sitcom rushed in six days production schedule and managed to complete the 22-minute episode just hours before its original air date.The reason for this was said to be because of the lack of ideas. However, it turned out well for them and actually received good feed backs from critics which i think was because south park is a cartoon made on a software. Although, i can imagine the stress and pressure they would have been under and it didn't meet their alternative plan or goals. This shows why time management is crucial unless there will be a lot of pressure and deadlines will not be met. 

Unit 1: A2: Cast Lists

Unit 1- A1- Locations (Location Recce)

Location Recce By Yazmin Hasib

With the low budget we have, we made use of the locations we have access to without needing a budget.

 The locations we will be using is this science room, we have chosen this science room due to the size of the class room and the spacing in the classroom as we will be able to do like do different camera shots and record from different angles to make our film look more effective. Furthermore in this classroom we will add different equipment to make it more horrific and just to add effect

We will use this exit in our film, this is because it’s a clear exit and we are able to see through the glass and we would be able to emphasis the pace and gesture the character is in and running at and we will be able to do a variety of camera angles.

Furthermore we will be using this narrow lane because it’s a long lane and we will be able to extreme long shots and show the surrounding of a character and emphasis how fast she is running.

We though these specific location are good for our film because it goes well with our storyline and we are able to do whatever we like with the location with clearance from the head teacher and the owner of the classroom. We will be able to practise and be able to adjust to the location as much as we need to as we would have access to the place just about any time of the school day.

We later decided to change our locations however not drastically and below are some images of the locations which were most predominant in our film.

Unit 1: A2: Materials

There are a variety of materials. In media we are able to identify that there are three types of material that relevant to us.  

Archive materials are materials such as newspapers, painting and other historical stuffs. We will not be using archive materials in our short film this is because they won't be relevant to our film. However these can include things that are old such as Historical books, recording, cassettes and things or such sort.

Own materials are materials quite self-explanatory however this includes that you make yourself for example when we make a news report ourselves and voice overs. They will be own materials this can even go as far as sound for example the creation of Foley Sounds and or even items which you improvise with or create from scratch.

Library materials are materials which are obviously found in Library's for instance if your have a more fictional genre which requires knowledge and factual information, you may use books, diaries or materials available in the library in order to add more realism to your film or even simply find out information which may be of relevance to you.

In our short film, we will predominantly use Own materials or Library materials but mainly Own materials due to the fact that most of the materials or props we have requires for example the Scrapbook which we created and placed together ourselves or the props which we are going to use we either already possess, easily have access to or like or sound clips which will be used for a news report, our newspaper and our sounds which may be created at different points means that we will need Own materials is quite key in our film.

Unit 1: A1: Sample Release Form/Cast Clearances (with hand written signatures)

Y.A.C PRODUCTIONS

VIDEO AND PHOTOGRAPHIC RELEASE FORM

Release Form

In the below agreement Y.A.C PRODUCTIONS are one and the same.

I hereby authorize LBTS6 sole and exclusive rights to use, publish, copy, print, copyright or electronically transfer any or all photographs, video, or audio clips taken by me or of me during the filming of ‘There’s something in the woods’ which is the film which has been made and created by us for the purposes of our coursework..

I also agree that LBTS6 may use such photographs, video and audio recordings taken by me or of me with my consent or the use of my name for any lawful purpose, including but not limited to; publicity, illustration, advertising, marketing, copyrighting and Web content.

I hereby authorize LBTS6 to edit, alter, copy, exhibit, publish or distribute this media for the purposes of our own coursework so in order to achieve a qualification for the given module in this area however also to distribute to enable others whether its assessors or students to watch, gain inspiration from or enjoy our work.

In addition, I waive the right to inspect or approve the finished product, including written or electronic copy, wherein my likeness appears.

Additionally, I waive any right to royalties or other compensation arising or related to the use of any of these video, or audio clips.

I am 18 years of age and am competent to contract in my own name. I have read this release before signing below and I fully understand the contents, meaning, and impact of this release.

First Name Ariana_________________________ Last Name Da Silva___________________

Signature A.Dasilva________________________________ Date 23.11.2015

Unit 1: A2: Risk Assessments

Unit 1: A2: Production Schedule

Unit 1: A1: Personnel (Completed by Team member Christiana Opadeji)

Task 2 - MEDIA PRODUCTION PERSONNEL

This is the job roles we have assigned people with for our production with each reason shown along side it,.

Unit 22: A2: Type of production

Before we started the process of  developing my idea, we were told to create a mind map which demonstrated our ideas and somewhat showed how we wanted our film to be and which ideas we had for our future short films from characters to props to scenery to genre and its basic key concepts,

Below I have included myself and my peers ideas or notes on our originals ideas before the group was formed.

Idea for short film:

Below is the initial idea which we came up as soon as we formed the group and got ready to pitch our ideas:

My short film is about a 16 year old girl, and her best friend, they finished school and it was around 5pm and they are walking down a dark alley way and they see a very creepy house or even a haunted house and they was just thinking about if they should go inside and find out what happen to the people that lived there because they would always hear scary stories that had happen in that place. 

So they entered the house and they looked around and they saw a scrapbook on the table, and they looked through it and it was getting late and they could hear noises from the backyard so they both ran out but took the scrapbook with them and when they got home she was going through the scrapbook and just seeing everything inside it and was just shocked about the things that was inside it and found it interesting to just go through and see.

She then decided to pursue in a quest to find the 'mystery man' whom is the owner of this scrapbook however in this she finds herself as another one of the victims of the unknown fellow which therefore leads her to record a tape of herself which consists of a message warning those who are watching about this unknown person, whilst recording herself speaking, something comes out of the blue to catch her, this is where it ends.

Advantages and Disadvantages of doing this: 

This was my individual idea and the genre I wanted to create was horror and this is because everyone likes a bit of horror and furthermore in horrors when someone is scared it makes the audience laugh at themselves because lets say for instance you was watching a film and there is a suspense sound in the background and all that jumps out is a doll and you would jump at first but then laugh this is because its just a doll and it helps us face our fears whilst in addition, it makes us feel more supreme as it we know not to fall into the same predicaments as the characters and what would be the most intelligent thing to do in such a situation.


The disadvantages of creating a horror film on a single camera is that you don't get to see a variety of characters point of view just one and if you was to see a variety of characters point of view to a situation it would mean that you would have to repeat a certain scene a number of times just to catch one characters reaction and it just wouldn't have the same effect. 

In addition, to create more fear and horror, you often need more props such as make up tools in order to create certain looks which therefore means that sometimes you either have to find ways which are inexpensive to create the same look which may not be of the same quality or have the funds to be able to buy such equipment which isn't the case of all.

Unit 1 - A1: Legal Issues & Regulation

Unit 1- Legal Issues

Legal Issues are issues which are related to the media and involve checking for false statements before the copy goes to print, its an important step to ensure that publishers or directors don’t commit libel by printing inaccurate or falsified facts or statements about people or events and checking films or media platforms things which may cause harm to the audience.

Identify key media institutions, responsible for regulating (controlling) the industry (ASA/BBFC). Find one example for each, of where texts have been banned or classification has changed to suit audiences.

One key media institution which is responsible for regulating the industry is the BBFC which is the British Board of Film Classification which is an non-governmental, independent body whom classifies or gives the go ahead in some aspects to movies, videos games and computer games. They tend to gather feedback or information from the General/Wider public from which they gain feedback from which therefore has an influence on their decisions. The BBFC consists of 30 examiners who often have to have expert film knowledge and quite a qualified level of social awareness in order to be able to understand reasons for things and weigh out arguments. They classify these three types of media formats based upon 5 main categories which consists of Sex & Nudity, Taste & Decency, Bad Language and Violence which enable them to the following ranges which as ‘U’ which stands for Universal, 12A which applies to anyone over the age of 12, 15 which is suitable for those over the age of 15 and 18 which is for those over 18 and most recently R18 which therefore means it contains adult sex scenes.

The BBFC do have quite strict guidelines so therefore due to this there have been many cases where by texts have been banned or the classification has changed in order to suit the given audience which it is more suitable for. An example of this is ‘The Exorcist’ which was a film analysed by the BBFC however was banned for 11 years and then the classification was changed for it. The film was already deemed to have caused controversy in the US where it had been reported to have caused panicking, vomiting and heart attacks whilst being watch in the cinema, due to the this the BBFC asked to analyse and look over some scenes again which were through to go again the Protection of Children Act as a should a young actress who was in a vulnerable position and contained quite indecent images which may have lacked decency. After constant discussion, the BBFC decided to remove the video from the shelves for 11 years due to the fact that the protagonist was 12 years of age therefore meaning that the target audience may well have been underage which was seen to be quite inappropriate and in addition to this, its classification changed from a ‘X’ certificate to an ‘18’ uncut for video/DVD release which therefore decrease the number of young people who were prone to such material.

ASA which is the Advertising Standards Authority which is another UK independent body regulatory system which regulates or controls advertising across all forms of media so therefore essential applying their rules and guidelines in order to protect the public by ensuring that complains are dealt with and also checking the media to ensure that there is no harmful, misleading or offensive content in adverts. A good point to also add on here would be that as noticed, most companies which deal with legal issues are usually independent or non-governmental bodies which therefore means that they have no sort of influence or connection with powerful and influential bodies such as the Government which means that they are not Bias and most decisions made by them are influenced by either themselves or the public.

One example of the work of ASA and how they have dealt with an Adventism which they have perceived to be misleading, harmful or offensive is the ‘Prada/Miu Miu’ clothing advert which consisted of a very young model, wearing Miu Miu products, laying or reclining on a bed while looking straight at the camera in a way which may be deemed as quite sexual and inappropriate. The ASA on this occasion acted on complaints from the public and took further action by saying that the child or young girl was dressed and posed in a way which showed her to be a sexual object and in a sense quite vulnerable which therefore led to the advert being banned due to the fact that it was said to cause serious offences i.e. children being viewed as sexual objects.

OFCOM is a further media institution which is responsible for regulating the industry which is government approved, its main focus is to regulate the TV and radio sectors, fixed line telecoms and mobiles and postal services.

An example of OFCOM in action in this industry is a case where OFCOM took action and banned a Radio advert which was seen as using ‘Derogatory’ and potentially offensive language. The Radio advert from a supermarket called Somerfield was banned due to its use of the word ‘faggot’ which have been deemed to be potentially offensive. The advert consisted of a Husband complaining to his wife about how they eat the same meals every day and when she goes on to tell him that he’s getting his usual faggots and then he goes on to reply ‘I’ve got nothing against faggots, I just don’t fancy them’. This came to the attention of OFCOM when three listeners complained about the use of faggots and its reference to homosexuality which therefore led OFCOM to ban the advert again in any form as it was deemed to have potentially cause serious offence and also be connected with homosexuality which is highly inappropriate and offensive.

Explain what the BECTU trade union does and why it is important.

The BECTU, Broadcasting, Entertainment, Communication, Theatre Union is a trade union in the UK which is focused around the media, broadcasting, film, independent production, digital media, arts and etc.

It aims to ensure and enforce fairness within and throughout this industry and protect workers and their rights so for instance, this institution works and provides services such as making negotiations between employers concerning pay, contracts and the workers, giving personal advice and representing individuals who may require it as they may be seen as weak or sometimes victims by larger companies, protecting jobs and working to improve pay and conditions for workers.

BECTU as a trade union is important because they are quite helpful and reliable in everything that they do. The fact that trade unions as such especially in big industries where by people are able to work ‘freelance’ and roles are often downgraded, there needs to be some sort of discipline and clear communication so therefore through having the BECTU, It decreases the chance of workers being exploited and misunderstood but instead more respected and more able to speak out. The BECTU is also important because it aids effective communication between the workers and employers. They provide the advice and support to ensure that the differences of opinion do not turn into major conflicts and that workers have that level of comfortability  to be able to speak out and love what they do.

Define specific legal issues that may arise in any TV or film production and find examples of where professional productions have been jeopardized by these issues (Clearance and copyright)

There are many legal issues that arise in the media industry, especially when it comes to TV or film production and below I will outline some of the many and also some examples of where these professional productions have been jeopardized by these issues.

One specific legal issues which may arise is Copyright. Copyright is a form of protection given to the authors or creators of “original works of authors,” including literary, dramatic, musical, artistic and other intellectual works this is an issue because it only protects the application of the idea and not the idea itself for instance, a case of music when the song ‘Blurred Lines’ was sued under copyright laws as the family of Marvin Gayle claimed that Robin Thicke stole from Gaye's "Got to Give It Up".

A further legal issue which may arise is Confidentiality, in film and TV production, there are always certain things which needed to be kept secret so that other complains can’t copy their idea and so it doesn’t ruin the plot of the story to the audience. Employers will often need to sign a confidentiality agreement form when working on a project therefore it is essential that this issue is kept under control.

Clearance is also a legal issue which may arise in any TV or Film production. Clearance involves you only being able to show something in this instance a Film or TV show in public if it is cleared which essentially means that that you have written permission to use everything which appears in your film or show however isn't yours so for instance, if you wanted to use some footage of someone in your video which does not belong to you, you must insure that you have clearance/written permission to use this. An example of where a professional production was jeopardized due to clearance is when Eminem was sued over by one of the rappers in 'Hotstylz' for $8 millions due to a claim that their track 'Lookin' Boy' was sampled for 25 seconds without permission.